Implementing Confidentiality Principles in Sharia Economic Dispute Resolution Through Online Dispute Resolution in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v25i1.1681Keywords:
Confidentiality Principle, Online Dispute Resolution, Sharia Economic DisputesAbstract
The resolution of Sharia economic disputes through Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) in Indonesia has been growing in parallel with advancements in digital technology. In this context, the principle of confidentiality has become a crucial aspect to protect the privacy and security of the disputing parties' information. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of confidentiality in ODR within arbitration institutions in Indonesia and identify the challenges and solutions related to data protection. The methodology employed is a sociological-juridical approach, utilizing primary data collected through interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and documentation, alongside secondary data from relevant journals and regulations. The findings indicate that, while institutions such as Basyarnas and BANI have implemented various protocols to uphold confidentiality, including the use of secure digital platforms and strict regulations on data access, significant challenges remain, notably the potential for data breaches due to cyberattacks or technical negligence. Furthermore, inconsistencies in laws and legal interpretations have created legal uncertainty, which in turn impacts privacy protection. The contribution of this research is to provide recommendations for strengthening digital security standards, consistent policies, and raising awareness of the importance of confidentiality in ODR, thereby creating legal certainty and enhancing trust in the online resolution of Sharia economic disputes.
References
Bibliography
Alzubaidi, Abdulaziz. ‘Measuring the Level of Cyber-Security Awareness for Cybercrime in Saudi Arabia’. Heliyon 7, no. 1 (1 January 2021): e06016.
Argaw, Salem T., Juan R. Troncoso-Pastoriza, Darren Lacey, Marie-Valentine Florin, Franck Calcavecchia, Denise Anderson, Wayne Burleson, et al. ‘Cybersecurity of Hospitals: Discussing the Challenges and Working towards Mitigating the Risks’. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 20, no. 1 (3 July 2020): 146.
Asyiqin, Istianah Zainal, M. Fabian Akbar, and Manuel Beltrán Genovés. “Cryptocurrency as a Medium of Rupiah Exchange: Perspective Sharia Islamic Law and Jurisprudential Analysis.†Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 7, no. 2 (2024): 227–292.
Hariyanto, Erie, and Moh Hamzah. “Bibliometric Analysis of the Development of Islamic Economic Dispute Resolution Research in Indonesia.†Juris: Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah 21, no. 2 (2022).
Hasanudin, Kamsi, and Ahmad Yani Anshori. “The Contestation of Legal Foundations in the Resolution of Islamic Economic Disputes in Religious Courts.†Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 18, no. 2 (2024): 271–288.
Hayati, Riska Fauziah, and Abdul Mujib. “Dispute Resolution On Muá¸Ärabah Musytarakah Contract On Sharia Insurance In Indonesia: Between Regulation and Practice.†El-Mashlahah 12, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v12i1.3795.
Muala, Asyharul. “Repositioning of Islamic Economics in the Era of Globalization from the MaqÄá¹£id Syarī’ah Perspective.†Journal of Islamic Law 1, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v1i1.17.
Rahmaniah, Amelia, Fuad Luthfi, and Muhammad Haris. “The Role Of Digitalization In Enhancing Legal Competencies Of Sharia Economic Law Graduates: A Case Study Of Graduate Users In South Kalimantan.†Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 23, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v23i1.10077.
Bakhramova, Mokhinur. ‘ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) System as a Modern Conflict Resolution: Necessity and Significance’. European Multidisciplinary Journal of Modern Science 4 (2022): 443–52.
Bao, Wei. ‘COVID-19 and Online Teaching in Higher Education: A Case Study of Peking University’. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2, no. 2 (2020): 113–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191.
Barker, Gina G., and Edgar E. Barker. ‘Online Therapy: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Health Crisis’. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 50, no. 1 (2 January 2022): 66–81.
Bilgin, Mehmet Huseyin, Gamze Ozturk Danisman, Ender Demir, and Amine Tarazi. ‘Economic Uncertainty and Bank Stability: Conventional vs. Islamic Banking’. Journal of Financial Stability 56 (1 October 2021): 100911.
Buil-Gil, David, Fernando Miró-Llinares, Asier Moneva, Steven Kemp, and Nacho DÃaz-Castaño. ‘Cybercrime and Shifts in Opportunities during COVID-19: A Preliminary Analysis in the UK’. European Societies 23, no. sup1 (19 February 2021): S47–59.
Bustamin, Amirizal, Arini Azka Muthia, and Sonia Ivana Barus. ‘The Protection of Spiritual Rights in the Sharia Banking Dispute Settlement: Overview of the Sharia Banking Law in Indonesia’. PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW) 9, no. 3 (29 December 2022): 388–407.
Corona, Isabel. ‘Confidentiality at Risk: The Interdiscursive Construction of International Commercial Arbitration’. Discourse & Communication 5, no. 4 (1 November 2011): 355–74.
‘Cybersecurity in International Arbitration: On the Road towards Green Flags’. Accessed 3 November 2024. https://www.schoenherr.eu/content/cybersecurity-in-international-arbitration-on-the-road-towards-green-flags/.
Dahlan, N. Khalidah. ‘Alternative Dispute Resolution for Islamic Finance in Malaysia’. MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 05077.
Drew, Jacqueline M. ‘A Study of Cybercrime Victimisation and Prevention: Exploring the Use of Online Crime Prevention Behaviours and Strategies’. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 6, no. 1 (1 January 2020): 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-12-2019-0070.
Ermakova, Elena P., and Sergey Sh. Shakirov. ‘Trends in Dispute Resolution in E-Commerce: China’s Experience’. In Sustainable Development Risks and Risk Management: A Systemic View from the Positions of Economics and Law, edited by Elena G. Popkova, 39–41. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34256-1_7.
Feerick, John D. ‘Covid-19’s Impact On Best Practices In Arbitration and Mediation’. Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 39, no. 7 (2021): 105–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/alt.21901.
Furnell, Steven, and Jayesh Navin Shah. ‘Home Working and Cyber Security – an Outbreak of Unpreparedness?’ Computer Fraud & Security 2020, no. 8 (August 2020): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-3723(20)30084-1.
Goodman, Joseph. ‘The Pros and Cons of Online Dispute Resolution: An Assessment of Cyber-Mediation Websites’. Duke Law & Technology Review 2, no. 1 (18 February 2003): 1–16.
Hawdon, James, Katalin Parti, and Thomas E. Dearden. ‘Cybercrime in America amid COVID-19: The Initial Results from a Natural Experiment’. American Journal of Criminal Justice 45, no. 4 (1 August 2020): 546–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09534-4.
Kagita, Mohan Krishna, Navod Thilakarathne, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu, Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta, and Saurabh Singh. ‘A Review on Cyber Crimes on the Internet of Things’. In Deep Learning for Security and Privacy Preservation in IoT, edited by Aaisha Makkar and Neeraj Kumar, 83–98. Signals and Communication Technology. Singapore: Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6186-0_4.
Kassim, Salina. ‘Islamic Finance and Economic Growth: The Malaysian Experience’. Global Finance Journal 30 (1 May 2016): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2015.11.007.
Kawasaki, Tomoya, Hisayuki Wakashima, and Ryuichi Shibasaki. ‘The Use of E-Commerce and the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Panel Data Analysis in Japan’. Transport Policy 115 (1 January 2022): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.10.023.
Lallie, Harjinder Singh, Lynsay A. Shepherd, Jason R. C. Nurse, Arnau Erola, Gregory Epiphaniou, Carsten Maple, and Xavier Bellekens. ‘Cyber Security in the Age of COVID-19: A Timeline and Analysis of Cyber-Crime and Cyber-Attacks during the Pandemic’. Computers & Security 105 (1 June 2021): 102248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102248.
Ledhem, Mohammed Ayoub, and Mohammed Mekidiche. ‘Islamic Finance and Economic Growth: The Turkish Experiment’. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 14, no. 1 (1 January 2021): 4–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-12-2020-0255.
Liguori, Eric, and Christoph Winkler. ‘From Offline to Online: Challenges and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Education Following the COVID-19 Pandemic’. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy 3, no. 4 (1 October 2020): 346–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420916738.
Liu, Yuru, and Yan Wan. ‘Consumer Satisfaction with the Online Dispute Resolution on a Second-Hand Goods-Trading Platform’. Sustainability 15, no. 4 (January 2023): 3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043182.
Mahkamah Agung RI. Laporan Tahunan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021: Akselerasi Perwujudan Peradilan Modern. Jakarta: Mahkamah Agung, 2022.
Mania, Karolina. ‘Online Dispute Resolution: The Future of Justice’. International Comparative Jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (1 November 2015): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icj.2015.10.006.
Matheus, Juan. ‘E-Arbitration: Digitization of Business Dispute Resolution Pada Sektor E-Commerce Dalam Menyongsong Era Industri 4.0 Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19’. Lex Renaissance 6, no. 4 (2021): 692–704. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss4.art4.
Mendes, Sofia Ribeiro. ‘A Lawyer’s Perspective: Confidentiality, Privacy and Security in Arbitration in Times of Covid’. In Online Dispute Resolution, edited by Dário Moura Vicente, Elsa Dias Oliveira, and João Gomes De Almeida, 205–32. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748931508-205.
Musjtari, Dewi Nurul, and Syintia Widya Kencana. ‘Legal Relations and Legal Consequences of Wakalah Contract Implementation in Hajj Fund Deposit’. Jurnal Hukum Novelty 11, no. 2 (17 August 2020): 179–95.
Noussia, Kyriaki. ‘The History, Importance and Modern Use of Arbitration’. In Confidentiality in International Commercial Arbitration: A Comparative Analysis of the Position under English, US, German and French Law, edited by Kyriaki Noussia, 11–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10224-0_2.
Panatagama, Ahmad Dzulfikar Sayyidin, and Mohammad Irvan Nafis Fuadi. ‘Alternatif Dispute Resolution Dengan Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda Dalam Mediasi Penyelesaian Konflik Pertanahan’. Al-’`Adalah : Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (23 December 2023): 252–72. https://doi.org/10.31538/adlh.v8i2.4214.
‘PeraturanProsedurArbitraseBANI_Ind.Pdf’. Accessed 4 November 2024. http://www.bani.id/assets/pdf/PeraturanProsedurArbitraseBANI_Ind.pdf.
Poudret, Jean-François, and Sébastien Besson. Comparative Law of International Arbitration. Sweet & Maxwell, 2007. https://books.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=wPRaZaEV3kEC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=See+Poudret+and+Besson,+Comparative+Law+of+International+Arbitration+(2007)&ots=8i-EOxH6Ih&sig=furZ4rCic2SSrVCCi69m6ZaYPpg.
Pranggono, Bernardi, and Abdullahi Arabo. ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Cybersecurity Issues’. Internet Technology Letters 4, no. 2 (2021): e247. https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.247.
Rabinovich-Einy, Orna. ‘The Past, Present, and Future of Online Dispute Resolution’. Current Legal Problems 74, no. 1 (1 December 2021): 125–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/cuab004.
Saeed, Saqib, Salha A. Altamimi, Norah A. Alkayyal, Ebtisam Alshehri, and Dina A. Alabbad. ‘Digital Transformation and Cybersecurity Challenges for Businesses Resilience: Issues and Recommendations’. Sensors 23, no. 15 (January 2023): 6666. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156666.
Saeed, Shifa Mohamed, Islam Abdeljawad, M. Kabir Hassan, and Mamunur Rashid. ‘Dependency of Islamic Bank Rates on Conventional Rates in a Dual Banking System: A Trade-off between Religious and Economic Fundamentals’. International Review of Economics & Finance 86 (1 July 2023): 1003–21.
Sakinah, Ghina, Rahmatina A. Kasri, and Nurkholis Nurkholis. ‘Islamic Finance and Indonesia’s Economy: An Empirical Analysis’. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 1 February 2022, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol8.iss1.art4.
Schmitz, Amy J. ‘Arbitration in the Age of COVID: Examining Arbitration’s Move Online’. Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution 22 (2021 2020): 245.
Singer, David C. ‘Arbitration Privacy and Confidentiality In the Age of (Coronavirus) Technology’. Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 38, no. 7 (2020): 107–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/alt.21849.
Sulistianingsih, Dewi, Alviona Anggita Rante Lembang, Yuli Prasetyo Adhi, and Muchammad Shidqon Prabowo. ‘Online Dispute Resolution: Does the System Actually Enhance the Mediation Framework?’ Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (31 December 2023): 2206348. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2206348.
Valkenet, Thomas, and Jeff Trueman. ‘Online Mediation Safety and Security’. CLM Magazine, 2021.
Wass, Shannon, Sina Pournouri, and Gregg Ibbotson. ‘Prediction of Cyber Attacks During Coronavirus Pandemic by Classification Techniques and Open Source Intelligence’. In Cybersecurity, Privacy and Freedom Protection in the Connected World, edited by Hamid Jahankhani, Arshad Jamal, and Shaun Lawson, 67–100. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021.
Wiko, Garuda, and Fatma Muthia Kinanti. ‘Legality Aspect Of Conducting Documents Only Arbitration In Indonesia’. Jambura Law Review 3, no. 2 (14 October 2021): 231–52. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v3i2.9914.
Zanin, Henrique da Silveira, and Pedro Henrique Dias Alves Bernardes. ‘Technology and Access to Justice during the Pandemic: Online Dispute Resolution Development in Brazil and Japan’. Revista Tecnologia e Sociedade 18, no. 50 (2 January 2022): 1–18.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Dwi Fidhayanti, Mohd Shahid Mohd Noh, Ramadhita, Teguh Setyobudi, Mochamad Fikry Dwi Septyanto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

